The three towers of San Marino
A symbol of the ancient Republic
Guaita, Cesta and Montale are the names of the three massive towers looking over the valley, on top of Mount Titano. In the past, they were of strategic and defensive value for the Republic of San Marino, especially when fighting back the attacks by the powerful Malatesta family from Rimini. They dominate over the overhang and, perched on Mount Titano, feature prominently in the city skyline.
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The coat of arms of San Marino shows the three rocky peaks of Mount Titano with the Three Towers: Guaita, Cesta and Montale. Under the picture is the motto LIBERTAS.
The Three Towers represent, in fact, the defence of freedom, which has always been a core value of the Republic.
The First Tower (X century) was built directly on mountain stone, without foundation. It was then entirely rebuilt in the sixteenth century and protected with a double line of walls. Right here the citizens of San Marino took sheltered during sieges. Also known as Rocca, the tower’s real name is actually Guaita.
The Second Tower, whose name is Cesta (XI century), is located on the highest peak of the mountain and it is also called Fratta. This was the old seat of the city garrisons and a prisons as well. Today, it is home to the Museum of Ancient Weapons.
The Third Tower, whose name is Montale (XIII century), is the smallest and most important tower, as it had a strategic role in defending the city due to its 360° view of the valley.
